From home labs and deadly butane blasts to solventless rosin, police raids, and a legal gray zone, Spain is entering a more potent and more volatile phase of cannabis culture.

On a cold night in late January 2025, a home lab in Espinardo (Murcia) ended in tragedy. Two young men were killed when a butane-based cannabis extraction attempt went catastrophically wrong. As the local press later reported, the pair had been attempting to produce highly concentrated hash oil –BHO, short for butane hash oil– by blasting cannabis with flammable gas. The blast leveled the walls, igniting a deadly fire.

According to police reports and recent busts, small-scale “labs” are popping up all over Spain, from Murcia to the Canary Islands.

“We can’t yet speak of a stable market, but we are seeing more frequent and sporadic appearances,” stated an inspector for La Verdad. “These are small groups have learned to cook the drug themselves, in private homes. There’s no organized criminal structure behind it, like there is with tusi or cocaine.”

The evidence points to a new chapter in Spain’s drug scene: a surge in potent cannabis concentrates, as ultra-pure hashish derivatives are increasingly appearing in labs and on the illicit market.

Home Labs and Drug Raids: Arona and Los Alcázares

Spain’s first major rosin lab bust occurred in February 2024 in Arona, Tenerife. National Police agents discovered what was considered Spain’s first cannabis concentrate production facility. Inside a suburban garage, five people —including a 29-year-old identified as the chief chemist— were arrested. The undercover team seized 1.7 kilos (3.75 pounds) of liquid rosin, along with 54 kilos (119 pounds) of cannabis and 145 fully grown plants. The lab was fully equipped with pressing machines, filters and safety lighting.

Police explained that the Arona team used a “bubble hash” technique to make rosin, which is way safer than the butane gas method. Wet cannabis buds were mixed with ice and water, filtered through a series of mesh screens to capture trichomes, and the collected paste was then freeze-dried and pressed into a highly purified resin. This solventless rosin extraction method avoids dangerous solvents, but still yields a concentrate far stronger than normal hash. Reportedly, 75 kilos (165 pounds) of plant material were needed to produce 1 kilo of the final product –a yield of just ~1.3%.

Just weeks later, in early March 2024, the National Police struck another rosin lab, this time on the mainland. They uncovered a massive processing operation in Los Alcázares, a coastal town of 18,500 people in the Murcia region. 17 suspects (mostly from Murcia and Alicante) were arrested, and two alleged ringleaders were sent to jail. Police reports noted six giant grow-rooms full of flowering plants, as well as a fully decked rosin “distillation” lab (with vacuum ovens, presses and cold storage). Altogether, investigators confiscated about 2,000 plants and 32 kilos (70.5 pounds) of cannabis buds, alongside 1.5 kilos (3.3 pounds) of liquid rosin. This was, at the time, “one of the largest rosin seizures at the national level”.

In October 2025, another national police operation in Murcia’s capital busted a family group on La Ñora street, seizing 4,300 cannabis plants and more than 1 kilo (2.2 pounds) of rosin, reported La Verdad.

Crucially, as the police stress, these are home labs —not “narcos”, not large-scale trafficking organizations moving bulk shipments across borders. A big motivation behind the surge of homemade labs and small operations is the low price. 

So what do these labs produce, and what do they earn from it? Rosin, by design, concentrates THC to extreme levels. Producing one kg of rosin takes roughly 75 kg (165 pounds) of buds. In a large dataset reported by the police, the price of a gram of naturally extracted resin ranges from EUR 20 to EUR 50, but is cheaper in clubs (going from EUR 4.5 to EUR 15). Rosin extracted without solvents and up to 90% THC can go for as much as EUR 100 (USD 114), as our sources in Alicante confirmed.

Extraction 101: Bubble Hash, Butane, and Fire

To truly understand rosin, it helps to grasp where the risks come from.

There are two main routes to cannabis oil: solventless (using heat and pressure) and solvent-based (usually with butane). Rosin strictly refers to solventless extracts. In practice, producers either soak buds in ice water to make bubble hash and press it, or they press fresh or frozen buds directly.

By contrast, BHO extraction relies on highly flammable solvents. Liquid butane (or a propane-butane mix) is passed through dried cannabis material in a closed tube. The solvent dissolves cannabinoids and terpenes; when warmed or air-purged, the butane boils off, leaving behind an amber oil (sometimes called shatter, budder or wax).

In Atarfe (Granada), a blast in April 2025 killed one person after a BHO extraction ignited. It mirrored the Espinardo explosion both in scale and cause. It only takes a single spark to ignite a butane vapor cloud.

But solventless rosin is different from a chemical perspective. This technique avoids hazardous gases and purges, relying instead on heat-controlled plates to squeeze resin from bubble hash or flower. Still, DIY setups can be dangerous: lack of hygiene, uncontrolled temperatures, or amateur equipment can produce impure products or result in burns. Nevertheless, it does not pose the explosion risk that can damage building structures and people.

Europe’s Trend Toward Concentrates

The rise of rosin in Spain is part of a broader European and global trend. For decades, cannabis policy and consumer tendencies were dominated by unprocessed flower and resin. But as legal markets have matured (in North America, for instance), demand has shifted strongly toward concentrates and edibles. The latest European Drug Trends Monitor notes a continued increase in the presence of highly concentrated products.

Spain in particular is moving in this direction. Its favorable climate for home growing has given rise to some of the strongest cannabis strains in Europe. With high-potency buds so common now, extract production became a logical next step.

Meanwhile, Spain’s legal framework hasn’t kept up with the changing reality. The law is essentially the same it’s been for decades: private possession and cultivation of small amounts is decriminalized (often enforced only with small fines), but public use or any trafficking is punishable.

Spain’s cannabis social clubs, for instance, operate in a legal vacuum. They are private associations where adults can share limited cultivation, but these clubs are increasingly wary of being linked to extract production. After the La Ñora raid, some clubs banned on-site pressing or even display of rosin.

At this stage, activists and some lawmakers argue for a regulated framework that includes concentrates. Suggested reforms include:

• Decriminalizing solventless extraction for personal use.
• Regulating cannabis clubs with explicit rules on extracts.
• Launching harm-reduction campaigns about BHO dangers.
• Expanding lab testing and safety guidelines.

Ultimately, Spain faces a choice: trying to suppress the rosin wave through raids and arrests, which will likely only increase the price of products and the temptation of making them in homemade and unsecure labs, or manage it with pragmatic regulation and safety education anchored in a harm reduction paradigm.

<p>The post Rosin, Raids and Risk: Spain’s New Cannabis Frontier first appeared on High Times.</p>

The post Rosin, Raids and Risk: Spain’s New Cannabis Frontier appeared first on Paradise Found.

The Price Paradox in Spain’s Cannabis Clubs

In the Spanish underground cannabis scene, a curious economic phenomenon has emerged. A single gram of high-end cannabis concentrate can cost more than a gram of cocaine.

It’s known as BHO, or butane hash oil. Long known in the US, BHO has been spreading in the Iberian Peninsula.

Cannabis is still technically illegal in Spain, but personal consumption and cultivation in private spaces are decriminalized. This legal loophole has given rise to cannabis social clubs, member-only cooperatives that operate in a quasi-legal framework. In cities like Barcelona, hundreds of clubs serve thousands of consumers with locally grown flower, imported hash, and in some cases, artisanal concentrates.

Prices in Spanish clubs are relatively affordable.

The average donation for cannabis flower is about ten euros per gram, with hashish averaging seven euros per gram. Even top-shelf indoor strains rarely exceed twenty-five euros per gram, and outdoor-grown flowers can be as cheap as four to seven euros per gram. This contrasts sharply with places like the Netherlands, where Amsterdam coffeeshops may charge twenty euros per gram for premium weed.

But while flowers and hash remain inexpensive, the price of cannabis extracts tells a different story.

BHO and the Rise of High-End Concentrates

BHO is a potent cannabis concentrate extracted using butane as a solvent. The process yields sticky, high-THC products like shatter, wax, and budder, which can contain mindblowing upwards of 70 to 90% THC.

Also read: Are You Smoking Gas… or Gas Gas? Inside the Hydrocarbons That Built BHO

In the Spanish cannabis club scene, BHO is relatively rare but coveted for its strength. Street and club-level BHO pricing in Spain now ranges from fifty to sixty euros per gram, with some ultra-high-potency samples commanding one hundred euros per gram or more.

That places it above the going price of cocaine in most Spanish cities, which can be bought for €50 to €70 a gram.

Spain has long been one of Europe’s primary cocaine entry points, with the Iberian Peninsula receiving bulk shipments from Latin America. According to Euro Weekly News, the price of cocaine has remained relatively stable since the 1980s, at about sixty euros per gram on the street. Despite inflation, oversupply and efficient trafficking networks have kept the price low.

BHO is one of the few drugs in Spain that can cost more per gram than cocaine. For context, hashish retails at six to nine euros per gram, cannabis flower at four to fifteen euros per gram, and even boutique rosin, a solventless concentrate, rarely exceeds seventy euros per gram.

In legal markets like the United States and Canada, BHO prices are often lower due to regulated production and industrial-scale extraction. In US dispensaries, BHO averages nineteen to twenty-five dollars per gram, while rosin averages thirty-five to forty-five dollars per gram. In Canada, mid-tier shatter or BHO can cost thirty to forty dollars per gram, and top-shelf rosin or full-melt hash ranges from seventy to one hundred twenty dollars per gram.

Spain’s prices for this type of concentrate remain inflated due to the gray-market nature of production and the risk incurred by extractors. This situation has also contributed to the emergence of small, unregulated labs, with associated explosion risks.

Premium Pricing and a Culture of Connoisseurship

The high price of BHO is driven by several factors.

First, BHO concentrates can contain up to ninety percent THC, making them many times more potent than traditional flower or hash. Consumers are paying for strength, as a single dab can deliver the psychoactive punch of several joints.

Producing BHO involves flammable gases, and homemade labs have caused fatal explosions in cities like Murcia and Granada. These risks raise production costs and reduce supply, especially among amateurs.

Unlike flower or hashish, high-THC concentrates like BHO exist in a murky legal space. Spanish law does not clearly differentiate between extraction types, but concentrates with high THC levels may attract harsher penalties. This legal uncertainty adds a risk premium to the product. Few cannabis clubs regularly stock BHO, and most extractions are done in small batches by specialists or imported from abroad. The lack of scale keeps prices high.

Lastly, among seasoned users, BHO carries a reputation for purity and intensity. In the same way that rare whiskies or high-end perfumes fetch a premium, boutique concentrates appeal to connoisseurs willing to pay more.

BHO, Rosin and The Elites

BHO is sometimes confused with rosin, a solventless extract made by pressing cannabis under heat and pressure. In Barcelona’s clubs, rosin can cost twenty to fifty euros per gram, depending on quality. The finest strain-specific, small-batch rosins, often called live rosin, may reach seventy to ninety euros per gram. Unlike rosin, which is made with artisanal equipment and sold in limited drops, BHO can be produced at scale yet remains scarce due to regulatory and safety constraints.

That a cannabis product could cost more than cocaine, broadly used in the country, upends traditional drug hierarchies. Cocaine has long been seen as the expensive stimulant of the elite, while cannabis was viewed as cheap and abundant. Yet in contemporary Spain, a gram of professionally made BHO can outstrip cocaine in cost, price, purity, and value.

<p>The post This Cannabis Concentrate Is More Expensive Than Cocaine first appeared on High Times.</p>

The post This Cannabis Concentrate Is More Expensive Than Cocaine appeared first on Paradise Found.

BHO started as a hydrocarbon experiment, often using raw butane and DIY rigs that carried risks. Even with today’s refined, regulated extraction systems, solventless options like rosin and hash remain the purest way to consume cannabis without chemical solvents or complicated gear.

Before Colorado had dispensaries, regulations, compliance trackers, or certificate-of-analysis stickers, it already had a thriving cannabis economy. Flowers were everywhere, growers were experimenting, and the underground market worked as a decentralized but surprisingly efficient distribution system.

In that liminal pre-legal era, long before modern concentrate menus and terpene labels, the community was already consuming waxes, early oils, improvised resins, and the product that would define a generation: butane hash oil, or BHO. People still recall those one-gram jars of thick, amber honey, sticky enough to require metal tweezers, unrefined in appearance, and circulating through garages, student apartments, and mountain towns.

The rise of BHO came from basic economics: Colorado had too much flower, and extractors wanted ways to transform surplus bud into something stronger and more portable. Hydrocarbon extraction, meaning forcing liquid butane or butane-propane blends through cannabis to dissolve cannabinoids and terpenes, offered an elegant solution. It created an intensely potent, compact product, unlike anything being smoked in joints at the time.

But early BHO was not the polished extract we know today. It emerged from makeshift workshops and improvised equipment. Extractors used stainless-steel or even glass tubes, hardware-store filters, and cans of consumer butane. Some of the rigs were welded by hand. Others were held together with whatever parts people could find. It was resourceful, experimental, and dangerous.

Colorado’s strong vocational culture accelerated the trend. Young people who had learned welding or metalworking in trade schools built their own extraction tubes. These improvised systems helped shape an entire generation of concentrate makers. 

As butane was released in open environments, it pooled invisibly on floors and ignited with the smallest spark. Colorado fire departments responded to a series of explosions in the early 2010s, some of them devastating. These incidents became a turning point: they pushed regulators, firefighters, and the emerging legal industry toward requiring closed-loop systems, certified extraction equipment, and strict fire-code protections.

This was the moment when the frontier chemistry of BHO collided with public safety.

From Chaos to Craft: Colorado’s Transition to Professional Extraction

As legalization began, Colorado’s extraction culture matured. Amateur open-blast systems were replaced with closed-loop hydrocarbon machinery designed to contain gases, prevent leaks, and operate with laboratory precision. Instead of consumer-grade butane, licensed producers used solvents refined to pharmaceutical purity, free of the mercaptans, lubricants, and industrial residues commonly found in lighter fluid.

Toaster ovens were replaced by vacuum ovens. Today, there are digital temperature controls, chromatography, and lab testing. Colorado’s concentrate makers embraced technical sophistication and, in doing so, helped elevate the entire global extraction scene. Within a few years, the state became home to some of the best producers of hashish, live resin, and solventless rosin in the world.

But the fundamentals of hydrocarbon extraction did not change. It is chemistry, and controlling solvents like butane, propane, and pentane requires training, engineering, and equipment capable of operating under pressure. 

Early BHO often contained impurities. Consumer butane frequently includes mercaptans, which are sulfurous compounds added to make gas leaks detectable, along with oils and manufacturing byproducts that can end up in the final extract if not properly removed. Homemade BHO can expose users to these hazardous substances. Poorly purged concentrates can retain measurable levels of hydrocarbons. Incorrectly built extraction tubes can leach metals or plastics.

Why People Love the Dab 

Despite its risks, BHO transformed cannabis culture because the experience is fundamentally different from smoking flowers. A single dab delivers cannabinoids almost instantly, producing rapid onset and intense effects. 

Hydrocarbon extraction preserves fragile terpenes in ways that combustion cannot, giving dabbers access to bright citrus notes, deep fuel aromas, or complex floral layers that get lost when a joint burns.

Ritual is part of the appeal, too. Heating a quartz banger, timing the cooldown, preparing the rig, and inhaling the vapor gave birth to a new set of cannabis practices, apart from the classic Marley-style joint and the 1980s hookahs. BHO is a modern way of consuming industrial-scale cannabis, and there are many other styles emerging as chemistry and industrial technologies evolve.

Many consumers describe dabbing as more controlled or more predictable than smoking flower, because the onset is fast and the effects are clear.

Beware. BHO is not for everyone. First of all, it is very strong. For people who are used to smoking joints, the intensity can be overwhelming. Anxiety, dizziness, nausea, and rapid heartbeat, what people call the “dab sweats”, can hit within seconds. Hits should not be excessively hot either. Excessive heat degrades flavor and breaks down terpenes into toxic byproducts, including benzene, which is harmful.

This means that even when BHO is made perfectly, the method of consumption still carries variables that require caution.

Safer Paths: Rosin, Traditional Hash, and the Humble Joint

There is a more natural alternative to BHO that does not use added solvents. It is called rosin. Rosin is made only with heat and pressure, so it avoids hydrocarbons entirely. It does not rely on flammable gases or chemical purging, although it requires industrial equipment when produced at a significant scale. Rosin is like getting the oil out of the olive by pressing it. The result is a clean, terpene-rich natural extract.

Traditional hashish offers similar benefits. Dry-sift and ice-water hash techniques have existed for centuries and rely on physical separation rather than chemical extraction. These methods often produce gentler effects, smoother flavor, and a cultural lineage far older than the dab rig.

And then there is the classic joint: simple, transparent, familiar. You can see what you are smoking, adjust your dose gradually, and avoid the uncertainties that come with solvents, heat profiles, or elaborate equipment. It is part nostalgia and part harm reduction. The fewer chemical and mechanical variables involved in producing and consuming cannabis, the lower the risk for the end user.

Photo by A. C. on Unsplash

<p>The post Are You Smoking Gas… or Gas Gas? Inside the Hydrocarbons That Built BHO first appeared on High Times.</p>

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It’s a blazing hot 92-degree (33°C) day at the Casa Flor farm in Willits, California, and the first attribute of the towering cannabis plants that I take in is their ability to shade me from the sun. Two days after the autumnal equinox, the coolest place to be is down in the dirt among the stalks, listening to the drip of the irrigation. I’m part of a fact-finding tour to discover the world’s best weed, an annual expedition hosted by the Humboldt Seed Company.

The mission for myself and the international group I’ve joined is to gather data on which cannabis plants look, smell, and produce best. By the end of my journey, I will have traveled nearly 500 miles, driving through Northern California towns shaped by lumber mills and the fortunes made by dredging things out of the earth in mines. And, in the end, I will have joined an exclusive group—pot prospectors of the modern era, searching for something almost as precious as gold: hash. 

At the close of each outdoor cannabis season, Humboldt Seed Company hosts a tour that takes visitors to the farms they work with to show the methodical and time-consuming work that goes into creating new types of cannabis and selling seeds. Cannabis plants are rare among flowering plants in that they don’t reproduce in one form; male plants have pollen sacs, and female plants have the flowers we smoke.

Cannabis gains traits from both sides of its lineage, male and female, and just like with sisters who share the same parents, the genetic results of a coupling are similar, but not identical. Creating cannabis in seed form means growing out and inspecting different phenotypes, or versions, of the same cross, picking the best one, and then stabilizing the genetics through generations.

There are nearly 1,000 outdoor plants to potentially assess at Casa Flor, and it’s only one leg of a multi-week adventure tour of cannabis grows. To make matters more complicated, the Northern California-based seed company has added a subtitle to this year’s end-of-summer bud blockbuster—Humboldt Seed Company’s 2025 Phenohunt: The Hunt for Washers.

In the weed world, a “washer” is a plant that shows a good propensity for yielding hash. A highlight of this year’s phenohunt is learning the homespun process of shaking fresh cannabis flowers in water and ice to test different phenotypes for their hash production while we’re still in the field. 

Soon after smoking a blunt rolled with a phenotype of Whitethorn Rose by Bleezy—one half of the cannabis-focused rap group Mendo Dope—I’m looking at the wash results of a new form of Whitethorn Rose, Whitethorn Rose x Special G. The particles at the bottom of the jar look like magenta sand. The pigment alone—anthrocyains—makes this one potentially valuable for hash makers, says Ben Lind, chief science officer and Humboldt Seed Company co-founder.  

All Aboard!

My participation in this year’s phenohunt inexplicably begins at the junction of the Skunk Train in Willits. In 1885, the Fort Bragg Railroad was established to transport timber from Mendocino County to the coast. Eventually becoming the California Western Railroad, the train cars took passengers to various logging camps along the Redwood Route and adopted gasoline-powered engines, which released pungent odors and gave the train its name. Today, the Skunk Train is the main tourist attraction in Willits, which is about a two-and-a-half-hour drive north of San Francisco. 

I make the drive to Willits after being jolted awake that morning by a magnitude 4.3 earthquake centered in Berkeley, California, miles from where I live. The shaking of the earth comes on the day of the autumnal equinox, which marks the astronomical start of fall. 

When I arrive at the Skunk Train, I join fellow passengers from different countries: Uruguay, Chile, Colombia, Germany, Spain, and the Czech Republic. We eat fry bread tacos in the parking lot before boarding the train. Once we’re on board, the conductor gives us a stern warning: no smoking weed on the Skunk Train as it’s regulated by the Federal Department of Transportation. Not to be dissuaded—it’s a Monday and we came to party!—the train has been equipped with party lights and a DJ booth. Mendo Dope performs as we travel through the town, a tunnel, and into the forest, eventually stopping at a logging camp where we disembark. The stop is our group’s opportunity to get really high, and we sit around wooden picnic tables smoking a buffet of hash made from cannabis strains which have been bred by the Humboldt Seed Company, including Hella Jelly, Papaya Pancakes, and the appropriately gassy California Sour Diesel.

The Skunk Train excursion is an epic party, but it makes sense as part of the phenohunt in the context of Lind’s past. From the ages of 17 to 29, he rode the rails to all the contiguous states in the country. Eventually, Lind settled in Smartsville, California, which will be my last stop on the 2025 phenohunt train two days later.

Trichome Hunting

In the morning, before we head to Casa Flor, I smoke a joint with Simón Espinosa, a journalist from Chile who founded his own media platform, En Volá.

“I want to learn what a phenohunt is,” Espinosa says when asked what he’s looking forward to in terms of taking part in the trip. “I mean, I know theoretically, but I’ve never done it properly, so this is my first experience doing that. And also from a foreigner perspective, the story of the Emerald Triangle itself is something very, very interesting and appealing for me, and I hope for the community.” 

Espinosa is taking part in the whole phenohunt along with his brother and En Volá collaborator, Pascual Espinosa.

“When it comes to hash, you’re not phenohunting, you’re trichome hunting,” Simón Espinosa says. “You’re basically looking at trichomes, and the shape of the phenotype doesn’t matter anymore.”

The resinous, sticky substance on cannabis flowers is composed of tiny hairs topped by crystalline glands. These glands, also known as trichomes, contain the potent aromatic and flavorful chemical properties of cannabis and are hydrophobic, meaning they do not mix with water. 

The phenohunt involves using a microscopic loupe to closely examine trichomes on the flowers. When searching for gold back in 1849, the miners involved in the California Gold Rush used loupes to assess the luster and quality of the gold nuggets they’d find through panning, a process that involved using water to agitate gravel and sand in a pan to allow the heavier gold particles to settle to the bottom. On the Humboldt Seed Company tour, we’re using water and ice in jars to separate and isolate trichome heads to see if the flowers are “washers,” meaning that they have a high yield of trichomes and are good hash producers. According to Lind, cannabis flowers that yield anywhere from 3 to 9% of their wet flower weight in hash are appealing to hashmakers. Lind explains that in the California market, fresh frozen flowers sell at $80 a pound at the high end. The same amount of dried and cured flowers could sell for $250, but with the associated costs to trim and store, the total cost ends up being about the same. 

“Here at Casa Flor, we have three categories of strain development,” says Sal Robles, who works on strain development at the family-owned and operated brand. “One is going to be your BHO extraction, which is going to be like your live resin and diamonds and badders and stuff. And then the second category would be solventless, which is going to be like your hash and rosin. And the third category that we bred for here is for flower.”

As part of the data we’re collecting, the group is looking at strains that have been bred by Humboldt Seed Company, but also Casa Flor’s own projects, including crosses of Whitethorn Rose, which was bred by Johnny Casali at Huckleberry Hill Farms. I walk along a row of different Whitethorn Rose x Flight 23 crosses with Casali and ask him what he likes about a particular phenotype that stands out to him.

“The first thing that attracted me to it was the smell, I think that’s the bag appeal,” Casali says. “But then, it does feel really gritty, and it does remind me of a lot of the characteristics that the Whitethorn Rose has in it, and would lead me to believe maybe it’s a good washer for hash. Visually, the velvet purple color is very attractive, and the spacing between flowers, I think, is just symmetrically really nice. It just looks like a really nice and easy plant to grow, and until we test it, we won’t know if it’s a winner or a giveaway.” 

Waterfalls of Hash in the Sky

To visually inspect how a phenotype might wash, we’re testing plants while we’re still in the field. After gathering an equal weight of flowers, 15 grams, we let them sit for five minutes in the jars of ice and water to cool down.

“We’re just going to let the water cool down, the bud cool down, it’s been out in the hot sun, so we’re going to bring down the temperature,” Lind says. “The trichome stalks are going to constrict a little bit, the heads are going to constrict, and we’re going to use that mechanical constriction to help remove the head from the stalk.” 

The next step in the process is shaking the jars for five minutes. I grab a jar, and it begins to froth up like foam in the ocean.

“When you’re shaking it, you really want to make chaos in a jar,” Lind says. 

Next, we let the jars rest for 10 minutes before assessing how much hash gathers at the bottom. To see it, everyone holds their jars up to the sunlight.  

“I call it a little waterfall of hash in the sky,” Lind says of watching the trichomes fall together when he tilts a jar. 

The Ladies of the Evening

On the daily schedule for the phenohunt, the agenda after Casa Flor reads “depart for Grass Valley at 1 p.m. Drive will take 3.5 to 4 hours.” The travel seems almost impossible on the hot day after judging cannabis plants, followed by a feast of tacos and agua frescas, but I make my way east towards Nevada City. On the way, I pass through Clearlake, California’s largest freshwater lake, which looks beautiful but strangely deserted. Later, I learned that the lake is contaminated with mercury due to a mine that operated from the 1860s to 1957, polluting the water. 

Arriving in Nevada City feels like stepping back into the past. The town was founded in 1849 as a Gold Rush camp, and its historic downtown features beautifully preserved buildings and architecture. Smoking hash on the streets of Nevada City out of a Puffco Peak with a custom glass topper that glows green makes me feel like I’m in the dystopian west depicted in Westworld, a 1973 science fiction film written and directed by Michael Crichton. We’re staying at the National Exchange Hotel, built in 1856, and as the evening closes, Lind shows us an unusual plaque in the parking lot dedicated to “the ladies of the evening,” which brings to mind the subject of our journey. Cannabis is often unacknowledged for its role in shaping the economy of California, and its flowers are triggered to bloom by the hours of uninterrupted darkness.

“To commemorate that ubiquitous segment of society who has been unacknowledged: who, though obscure, made an essential contribution to the settlement of the West,” the plaque reads.  

Big Dope Valley

The next day is spent in the foothills of the Sierra Nevada Mountains on Lind’s farm in Smartsville. While Nat Pennington, the co-founder and CEO of Humboldt Seed Company’s Farm in Orleans, up north near the California/Oregon border, serves as the main processing port for producing cannabis seeds and the point at which the 2025 phenohunt began, Lind’s farm is a place to test out the strains for research and development. 

On each leg of the tour, new participants join in the hunt, feasts are served, and music and merriment occur like harvest celebrations in days of yore. Journalist David Downs tells me we are the bards, musicians like Brett McFarland who performed at Pennington’s farm are the troubadours, and cultivation expert Ed Rosenthal—who has been on the journey every step of the way—is the wise counsel.  

At Lind’s farm, our group harvests flowers from a Blueberry Pancakes plant that is stunning, standing in the dappled clouds against the scenery below, an area called Big Oak Valley that the locals have coined Big Dope Valley due to the cannabis cultivation in the area. Dipping my nose into the flowers, I take in the fresh scents of blueberries reaching the peak of ripeness at the end of summer. The buds we harvest for our Blueberry Pancakes are steam-distilled into pure terpenes, which are then added to a fog machine on the outdoor dance floor and paired with whipped cream for dessert. Decadence abounds, and the evening ends with a lightning storm shooting across the sky and a light rain. In California, we call that “earthquake weather,” but one thing I’ve learned on this trip is that sometimes a little shaking can be a good thing. 

Photos courtesy of Chris Romaine aka KandidKush

<p>The post Chaos in a Jar: Field-Testing Flower for Hash first appeared on High Times.</p>

The post Chaos in a Jar: Field-Testing Flower for Hash appeared first on Paradise Found.

PuffCon dropped into downtown LA like it owned the lot. Not metaphorically. Literally. A working film studio became the backdrop for two full days of rosin, glass, beats, heat, and everything in between.

The streets were fake, but the sesh was real. There were prop LAPD cruisers parked in one area, glassblowers throwing flame just past the gates, vendor-lined alleys that led to a stage where Eric Andre later launched a live game show. The whole thing looked like a simulation, but hit like the real thing.

The new Puffco Proxy had already been released before the event. But this was the first time I got to hit it surrounded by the noise, the terps, the foot traffic, and the people who make this world spin. It was a fitting place to get to know the device. And the community that helped shape it.

Here’s what went down.

A Backlot Turned Block Party

This didn’t feel like a trade show. It felt like a neighborhood that got high and decided to throw a party. Two main corridors ran like alleys through the lot, flanked by booths pouring out dabs, conversation, and limited drops. There were hydration stations, real food, open space to roam, and a main stage tucked at the far end like a prize.

Day two took a sharp turn into absurd brilliance. Eric Andre hosted a live version of Rapper Ninja Warrior. Contestants had to rap while doing balance tests, dodging flying objects, or spinning until the beat melted. Reggie Watts was judging. Nobody knew what the rules were, but the crowd was locked in. Some MCs pulled it off. Some collapsed mid-verse. Nobody cared. It was hilarious.

At one point, I wandered past a building labeled LAPD and froze. Looked real. Turns out it was part of the set. Inside, there was air conditioning, snacks, drinks, and a quiet zone for media and creators. A welcome break. More events should think like that.

The Proxy in Practice

Let’s talk tech.

The new Proxy looks and feels like Puffco figured out what worked and just made it sharper. Taller. Slimmer. Matte-frosted. The kind of thing that blends into a record shelf or a dinner table without screaming for attention.

It’s not just looks. The deeper 3D chamber means you can drop bigger globs without losing flavor. The joystick carb cap, pulled from the Peak line, gives smoother airflow and a better feel in use. The Proxy cycles through four temps. I started on blue and moved my way up to white. With the right hash, every level hit.

And I had the right hash. I tested it with some full-bodied live rosin from Yapo Farms and another batch from Girls in Green, the brand co-founded by Alice Reis. Both extracts ran beautifully through the chamber. Clean pulls. No char. Full flavor.

There’s a hidden mode too. Five taps on the white setting unlock a secret profile that pushes the heat up to 630 degrees Fahrenheit. Not for rookies. But I tried it. It worked.

Puffco’s app adds even more: you can build custom sessions, adjust LED colors, track usage, and check your battery. I barely scratched the surface there, but the features are deep if you want to dial things in.

Battery life? Around fifteen sessions per charge. You can use it while plugged in, which helps.

Hash and Homies

PuffCon wasn’t just a tech demo. It was a meet-up. A smell-test. A soft launch of friendships. I floated between booths and brands, stopping to sesh or chat or just vibe.

At Yapo Farms, the rosin was bright, textured, and expressive. At Girls in Green, the flavor came in layers. I crossed paths with Champelli, a name you hear in lyrics and whispers. The Bay Area legend was there in the flesh, talking flower and presence.

The First Smoke of the Day crew was floating around, showing love and rolling nonstop. Proper Doinks held their own too, in conversation and in combustion.

We saw Susie Plascencia, co-founder of MOTA Glass and founder of Latinas in Cannabis, a consistent presence and advocate. Her impact was felt. So was her warmth.

A special shoutout goes to Chelsea from Puffco, who puts real effort into making sure women extractors and cultivators get proper visibility. That work doesn’t always get noticed. But it should.

Final Take

PuffCon 2025 didn’t try to do everything. That’s probably why it worked. It gave people space to sesh, connect, and explore without being overwhelmed. No lines snaking for miles. No brands screaming over each other. Just good weed, good rhythm, and a lot of thoughtful design.

The new Proxy held up. It looks good. Hits right. Travels light. It isn’t the answer to every problem, but it solves a lot of them. Pair it with something from Yapo or Alice’s jars, and it becomes the kind of tool you’ll reach for without thinking.

PuffCon made sense. Not just because of the device. But because of the people, the flavors, the moments between hits. It felt lived in. Like a world built for hash heads by hash heads. That matters.

<p>The post We Tried the New Puffco Proxy at PuffCon LA: Here’s How It Ripped first appeared on High Times.</p>

The post We Tried the New Puffco Proxy at PuffCon LA: Here’s How It Ripped appeared first on Paradise Found.

It’s 7/10.

Flip it and you get OIL. Simple as that.

Nothing too fancy. Just stoners with rigs and a love for the herb. A number turned sideways, a ritual passed hand to hand.

Long before 710 was a holiday, it was a whisper in online forums. Now it’s something else entirely: a day for the people who never stopped torching.

At High Times, we didn’t just watch this happen. We chronicled it. Pushed it. Got our fingers sticky with it. From the first whispers of BHO to glass tech that looked like it came from another galaxy, we were there.

Today, we look back, not out of nostalgia, but out of respect. Because this history still bubbles. And it still burns.

From the Vault: Covers That Hit Like a Dab

You know these.

Maybe they’re under your bed with a ring of reclaim on the corner. Maybe you ripped one apart to make a rolling tray. Doesn’t matter; they’re part of the culture now.

Every cover on that list came from a time when concentrates were still shaping their voice. And we helped put it on the loudspeaker.

Stories That Made It Real

“All Hail 7/10” – Mary Jane Gibson (2014)

The one that gave the holiday its headline. Witty, weird, and full of lore: Taco Bell stats, freeway signs, and a tip of the hat to Schapelle Corby.

Read it →

“Happy 710! Tidbits and Trivia” (2023)

A quick cruise through the history and meaning of 710. Ancient hash, modern diamonds, angel numbers. Dab day with depth.

Read it →

“Dabbling in Dabs” – Benjamin M. Adams (2023)

A full-spectrum dive. Rosin first surfaced on cannabis forums in the mid-2000s. The science behind shatter. The 710 Cup. Concentrate culture, unraveled.

Read it →

“Generation Dab” – Bobby Black (2013)

Straight from the Cups, when booths were stacked with butane tanks and rigs lit like lighters.

Read it →

“Vaporizing THC Oil” – Dr. Lunglife (1989)

Before “dab” was even a word. This relic shows how far we’ve come, from Bic pens and dimmer switches to high-end rosin presses.

Read it →

“9 Dab Videos You Need to See” (2017)

Fails, flexes, grandma with a gram. A time capsule of chaos. Dab culture caught in pixels.

Read it →

So Why Does 7/10 Still Matter?

Because nobody handed it to us.

It wasn’t a marketing stunt or a wellness campaign. It started in someone’s garage. In a forum post. In a back-of-the-sesh whisper.

Built by extract artists with burned knuckles and cracked lips. By stoners who cared about flavor. About feeling. About refining the plant into gold.

710 is for the ones who stuck around. The ones still here for it.

Lead image by Chewberto420

The post Decades of Dabs: 710 in High Times History first appeared on High Times.

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A sharp tongue of blue flame licks the titanium as a plump glob of wax awaits above, then drips from the tip of the dabber and plops onto the domeless nail’s fading crimson glow, where it’s instantaneously liquefied and vaporized. A sudden burst of smoke is drawn through tiny holes in the nail’s head and into our model’s eager lungs. It’s a ritual that’s repeated time after time at booth after booth within the Prop. 215 area of our Los Angeles Medical Cannabis Cup. There’s nary a seed company, dispensary or retailer in attendance that doesn’t have a dab station set up or an extract entered into the competition—38 solvent-based concentrates in all, nearly maxing out the category and all but eclipsing the nine water-hash entries. Every glass company at the expo has rigs on display, and nearly every clothing company some T-shirt with an oil-based slogan or design. This is the state of the modern cannabis community. This is the dab life.

To many in this up-and-coming generation of young stoners, smoking “flowers” (as weed is now referred to) is fast becoming passé—a quaint custom practiced by hippies, lightweights and the socio-geographically disadvantaged. For hardcore oilheads, “treebasing” has raised their THC tolerance to the point where a joint just doesn’t cut it—they want a quicker, longer and stronger high than mere marijuana can provide. As word of this new way of getting stoned continues to spread and the demand for BHO grows, the market begins to respond: One-hitters are replaced by vapor pens, butane is bought in bulk, and sales of crème brûlée torches skyrocket. Apparently, even major retailers are beginning to get wise.

“I was in Bed Bath & Beyond last week, and they had torches, turkey basters and Pyrex dishes all on display next to each other,” swears Hitman Glass founder Dougie Fresh. “Isn’t that crazy? Either they have some kind of inventory software telling them what items people buy together, or somebody working there knows what’s up!”

But blow torches and butane aren’t the only things in short supply these days.

“Trim is so hard to come by … it’s the most valuable thing right now,” a representative from Cheeba Chews tells me. “We can’t even get trim to make our edibles.”

“Forget trim,” one breeder says. “People are ripping whole growrooms down and just blasting them.”

That’s right: In some circles, pot plants are now regarded as nothing but raw material to be transformed into a variety of waxes, oils and shatters—concentrates that are more potent and profitable, and easier to conceal and consume. As the focus of pot nerds everywhere slowly shifts from botany to chemistry, so shifts the spotlight from growers to the modern-day alchemists known as extract artists, who can transform a pile of leftover leaf into taffy-esque, translucent gold.

The unfortunate slang term that’s arisen for this process is, as mentioned above, blasting—unfortunate because, though it refers to “blasting” the essential oils out of the herb with butane gas, it’s also eerily appropriate in describing the explosive accidents that occur when the process isn’t done safely. But accidents like those are almost unheard of among the pros, who prefer the less dramatic terms “running” or “processing” flowers. These gurus of goo take every precaution, carefully controlling each variable, tweaking temperatures and monitoring pressures to ensure that their final product is exactly what they intended and suitable for consumption by the patients they serve. For them, quality is key, and it begins with the raw material.

“We use what our clients give us, which is typically trim for cost-effectiveness,” says Nikka T, a consummate concentrate maker from Denver. “But we prefer fresh-frozen buds, which we’ve been getting more often recently.”

Frozen buds? That’s right—apparently freezing the weed before processing it prevents contaminates from being extracted by the butane, enabling the savvy concentrate maker to extract more cannabinoids and terpenes and less fats and waxes, as well as less moisture and chlorophyll. In an effort to get the cleanest concentrates possible, many extract artists also “wash” the extract in a secondary solvent (typically alcohol) and then freeze it—a process called winterization. This not only removes any final traces of butane, but also solidifies undesirable components (bio-waste such as lipids, fats and waxes) that are then filtered out before evaporation, thus creating a clearer concentrate known as glass, shatter or snap.

“This is in everybody’s wax,” says Jerett, the cherubic extraction expert from West Coast Cure with the McDabber’s hatpin, as he compares a wad of ugly goop to the amber glass he pulled it from. He drops it onto the nail of the Big Lebowski torch tube on the table in front of us, and an acrid smoke pours forth. “That’s what you’re smoking when you smoke wax,” he adds.

While eliminating these elements technically makes the concentrate purer, some believe that it also eliminates textures, aromas and flavors (via terpenes) that many people find desirable.

“Purity isn’t everything,” says Dan de Sailles of Denver’s Top Shelf Extracts. He has a point—moonshine is purer than Cognac, but which would you rather drink? “Besides, if you’re smoking flowers, you’re already ingesting all of those fats and waxes anyway,” he continues. “So smoking a wax or budder is no more harmful to you than smoking a joint.”

Often, a concentrate’s interesting texture is part of its appeal. For example, the Alien OG “Raw” pictured in “Contact High” on pg. 15: This fluffy, off-white extract, whose consistency resembles Funyuns or cheese puffs, was brewed up using an undisclosed technique by an extract artist who takes his name from that most hated of all Star Wars characters, Jar Jar Binks. If handled, this “Heisenberg hash” quickly disintegrates into a sparkly sand; when heated, its aeration is released and it shrivels like a Shrinky Dink into a tiny worm of wax. Then there’s sha-budder, a full, winterized shatter that’s been placed on low heat, allowing it over time to become budder-like again. Generally speaking, a concentrate’s consistency is just a result of how much moisture it contains. Which is why, when you leave certain extracts out in the air for a while, they begin to goo up—a process known as auto-buddering. Basically, by manipulating the extract in different ways (temperature, moisture, pressure, agitation), the extract artist can produce a variety of textures to appeal to all palates and preferences.

As of yet, there’s still no solid scientific evidence that BHO itself—if made properly—is dangerous to ingest, even if it does contain trace amounts of residual butane. If made improperly, however—using plants containing pesticides or mold, or with inferior-quality butane—there may be legitimate health concerns. Hopefully, as more cannabis labs begin to test for contaminants and solvents (something that Seattle’s Northwest Botanical Analysis, for example, has started doing), these concerns may be addressed by buying from reputable sources.

Other possible health issues that have been raised, such as metal-fume fever (from inhaling trace amounts of metal that may flake off the nail) or cannabinoid hyperemesis (a syndrome characterized by symptoms of nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain), will likely remain unsubstantiated until real clinical studies can be done. In the meantime, to minimize these potential risks, we recommend always seasoning the nail (heating it until glowing red, then cooling it off in water) to burn away any possible impurities before use.

Frankly, the greatest likelihood of injury we’ve encountered so far seems to be from passing out and falling over after doing a dab. Make no mistake—this stuff is potent, and even seasoned stoners have been known to get a bit dizzy after a decent-sized glob. For this reason, we recommend dabbing in a seated position whenever possible or, if you’re in line for a dab at an event, asking the person behind you to be your spotter. You hear that, guys? Be ready to perform a “dab grab” in case the person in front of you faints!

Seriously, though—while the health risks of ingesting BHO may be somewhat exaggerated, the risks involved in making it cannot be overemphasized.

For every master blaster, there are likely dozens of idiots out there who think they can make their own wax with a can of cheap lighter fluid and a piece of PVC pipe, and end up blowing up some hotel room instead—or, worse, their parents’ house. We’ve said it before, and we’ll continue to say it: Blasting should never be done indoors, and never near a flame or any electronic appliance or device that could cause a spark (refrigerators, cell phones, etc.).

Think it won’t happen to you? Think again: Last November, a medical marijuana patient in Portland, OR, was severely burned and blew out a wall of his apartment while attempting to make BHO. In January 2013, a young man in a San Diego hotel sustained life-threatening burns after he caused an explosion that was described by other guests as “like an earthquake.” Two similar incidents happened in February (in Lakewood, CO, and West Hollywood), and another three in March: in Forest Grove, OR; Petaluma, CA; and Edmund, OK (where, owing to the state’s House Bill 1798, which makes it a felony to perform any type of THC extraction and was signed into law in April 2011, the poor perpetrator could now face life in prison). Sadly, these instances have become far too frequent—so much so, in fact, that in the February 7 edition of their Infogram newsletter, FEMA included a section entitled “Hash Oil Explosions Increasing Across U.S.” In it, they instruct first responders and law enforcement on what to look for to distinguish BHO blasts from bomb-making or terrorist activity.

Unfortunately, it’s stories like these that are introducing BHO to the mainstream media—and as one might expect, the results haven’t been good. On March 11, an NBC News affiliate in Grand Junction, CO, ran a feature about the “potent and potentially toxic new form of marijuana” called dabbing. Instead of interviewing experts on the topic—such as one of the many professional extract artists or medical marijuana doctors that have appeared on our dab panels—the producers instead chose to interview a high school girl and the obligatory reformed “pot addict” who claimed that, after smoking marijuana for the first time at age 13, he got “hooked” and proceeded to waste the next 18 years of his life. (You know, unlike everyone else in the world who smokes some weed, gets a snack and then manages to go on with their life.) The report also claimed that dabbing could result in overdoses and increased cases of schizophrenia, which it called a “known potential side effect of marijuana.” Talk about bullshit … as usual, network news prefers to drum up ratings with halftruths and scare tactics aimed at paranoid parents rather than presenting an objective, scientific examination of the issue.

Nevertheless, with news coverage like that, it’s easy to see why pro-pot activists fear that the dab phenomenon—with its seeming “hard drug” overtones—could throw a roadblock in front of the otherwise overwhelming prolegalization wave sweeping the nation. And let’s face it: The PR problem is bound to get worse before it gets better. But if there’s one thing we should’ve learned from the DARE and “Just Say No” campaigns of the 1980s, it’s that scare tactics and misinformation don’t help keep kids off drugs—if anything, they end up doing the opposite. Which means the best formula for ensuring the safety of all would-be dabbers is the same as it is for plain old pot: open dialogue, an honest examination of the facts, establishing quality controls on the product and an age limit on its sale—and all of these aims are better served by legalization and regulation than by prohibition and propaganda.

History teaches us that once a new technology or paradigm arrives, there’s no turning back. When rock’n’roll hit the scene, it was condemned as dangerous and corrupting—and today, it’s as American as apple pie. Dabbing isn’t a fad—it’s a paradigm shift, and rejecting it won’t make it go away. Attempts to stop a new generation of cannabis enthusiasts from dabbing will ultimately prove as futile as trying to stop them from tweeting or texting. Ultimately, all we can do is make sure they have access to the most accurate information and the best-quality concentrates at their disposal so that when they’re old enough, if they choose to dab, they can do so safely and responsibly.

Read the full issue here.

The post From The Vault: Generation Dab (2013) first appeared on High Times.

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Puffco updates the dab pen for the 2024 holidays for $130.

The post Puffco refines the dab pen with new Pivot appeared first on Leafly.

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Stash upgrades for every mom too busy upgrade her own.

The post Weedy Mother’s Day gifts for the cool moms of 2024 appeared first on Leafly.

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Vermont law currently caps THC for cannabis flower and concentrates but that could soon change under a new bill packed with amendments to improve the state’s cannabis market.

The Vermont Cannabis Control Board is asking lawmakers to drop the caps on the potency of cannabis and concentrates from state law, while the edibles caps would remain. Lawmakers argue that the bill could keep more consumers in the legal market, while some medical leaders in the state disagree.

Dropping the THC caps is one of several proposed changes to the state’s cannabis policies included in the new bill H.612, which the House Government Operations Committee took up on the floor for the first time on Jan. 12.

The bill targets hemp-derived products that are vaguely marketing intoxicating effects from synthetic cannabinoids such as delta-8 THC and so on. It would codify rules the board adopted last year, limiting the sale of intoxicating hemp-derived products in the state and regulate them as cannabis products if they contain more than 0.3% of total THC. The bill would codify rules the board already adopted last year that limit the sale of some  intoxicating hemp-derived products and regulate them as cannabis products if they contain more than 0.3% THC.

Current state law caps the THC percentage in smokable cannabis flower products at 30%—which is high but exceeded in certain varieties—and the amount of THC in solid or liquid concentrated cannabis at 60%. Vermont also imposes a 5 mg serving size/dose cap on edibles and 100 mg cap on entire packaged edibles. The edible dosages align with what you’d see in most other states.

“This section proposes to eliminate the first two,” Cannabis Control Board Chairman James Pepper said at the committee meeting. “The CCB has been asked in two subsequent years to evaluate the efficacy of these caps and submit reports about them.”

The problem is this leaves out potent cannabis forms that are needed by people with serious conditions like cancer or other conditions that require high amounts of THC. Valley News reports that the bill would remove those caps and also include “a laundry list of the commission’s requests.”

The bill was introduced by Reps. Michael McCarthy (D – Franklin-3) and Matt Birong (D – Addison-3) on Jan. 3.

Regulated Concentrates Safer Than the Black Market

Some people at the committee meeting argued that potency caps on concentrates only forces manufacturers to use potentially harmful fillers. You can’t just smoke anything, when it comes to vape thickeners and ingredients. 

“By limiting potency to 60%, you’re creating a perverse effect of giving the black market a monopoly on a product,” Dave Silberman, co-owner of FLORA Cannabis in Middlebury, said. “It’s a niche product—it’s maybe 4% or 5% of the entire market—but you’re giving them a monopoly on it.”

Regulated markets are more likely to vet products for harmful additives by requiring lab results and so on. If people are going to the black market to get concentrates over 60%—which are many—they’re going to have a higher risk of smoking an unapproved thickener or additive.

High Times has reported on potentially dangerous fillers such as vitamin E acetate, which is not safe to vape, and others, however it’s important to note that dangerous fillers have been used by the media to fan fear about cannabis.

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed in 2019 that the additive vitamin E acetate is the likely cause of the nation’s rash of lung injuries caused by vaping. Dr. Anne Schuchat, the principal deputy director of the CDC, told reporters that the additive, which received early attention as a potential cause of e-cigarette or vaping product use–associated lung injury (EVALI), was found in the lung tissue of patients by investigators.

Others have speculated that some hemp-derived compounds have similar traits. Published in the Journal of Medical Toxicology on Dec. 12, 2022, a team of researchers led by Neal L. Benowitz discovered a link between THC-O acetate and significant danger to the lungs. THC-O acetate shares structural similarities with vitamin-E acetate—an additive that becomes dangerous to the lungs when converted by heat.

The bill would also reduce operating fees the state imposed on medical cannabis dispensaries, reducing an application fee from $2,500 to $1,000 and dropping the annual renewal fee from $25,000 down to $5,000.

It would also increase the timeframe of a medical cannabis card from three years to five years for people who consume cannabis for a chronic condition other than pain.

Last October, WCAX in Vermont profiled various school officials to probe what their plans are and how the conversation around cannabis will continue, now that sales are legal for adults.

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