Researchers in the United Kingdom are currently recruiting volunteers for a study designed to explore the effects of cannabis on the human brain. Subjects selected for the full study will be paid for their participation in the research, which is being undertaken as part of King’s College London’s Cannabis & Me project.

The researchers conducting the study have said that the research is “paramount” to understanding the science behind cannabis, which they say is used daily by approximately 200 million people worldwide and is subject to legalization efforts in countries around the globe. Dr. Marta Di Forti, a leading cannabis and psychosis researcher and the leader of the new study, noted that “Cannabis is consumed daily by many recreationally but also for medicinal reasons.” 

“But in the UK, the prescription of medicinal cannabis remains rare,” Di Forti added, as quoted by the Daily Mail. “Our study aims to provide data and tools that can make physicians in the UK and across the world more confident, where appropriate, in prescribing cannabis safely.”

To conduct the two-part study, researchers are recruiting 6,000 volunteers aged 18 to 45 who live in London. Participants selected for the study must either be regular cannabis users, have never tried the drug, or have used cannabis fewer than three times. 

The first part of the study involves a 40-minute online survey. Those who complete the initial survey will be entered into a drawing. Researchers will then select participants to complete a face-to-face assessment. Those who complete the in-person assessment will be paid £50 (nearly $60).

The preliminary questionnaire will ask participants about their experience with cannabis and why they take it, including use prompted by trauma, medical conditions, or social situations. The survey will also explore how mood and anxiety can change the way participants think and feel and influence their use of cannabis, particularly in social situations. 

Face-To-Face Assessments for Some Participants

From the survey participants, the researchers will select a subgroup of volunteers to complete a face-to-face assessment at the Institute of Psychiatry Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London. This portion of the study consists of three parts including a more detailed survey, a blood test and a virtual reality everyday scenario. The second questionnaire will delve into participants’ experiences with situations including trauma or adversity. Volunteers will also be asked if their consumption of cannabis has changed since they completed the original survey. 

The blood test will be used to determine levels of THC and CBD in the participants. The blood test will also be used to quantify similar compounds naturally produced by the body known as endocannabinoids to determine if the level of these substances varies among cannabis users and non-users. Additionally, the blood analysis will give the researchers data on gene structure and epigenetics, which are changes in how genes are expressed. Di Forti noted that other research suggests that tobacco smokers have epigenetic changes, but there is no research exploring if cannabis can cause similar changes.

The last part of the study will utilize virtual reality technology to put participants in a common, day-to-day scenario such as a visit to a supermarket. The study subjects will also answer questions before and after the virtual reality experience to determine how they respond to social interactions. 

A separate study will collect the same information from people undergoing treatment for psychosis believed to be caused by cannabis. Di Forti said that the goal of this portion of the research is to determine if there are biological factors that could make a person more susceptible to psychosis brought on by cannabis use, which has been observed in some patients. With the information, it is hoped that those who can use cannabis safely can be identified.

London residents interested in participating in the study can complete an initial screening survey online. 

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New research once again destroys the lazy stoner stereotype, or the cannabis amotivational syndrome theory, instead showing both teen and adult cannabis consumers are “no less likely” to be motivated, nor are they less likely to show interest in rewards.

”Cannabis amotivational syndrome” is a hypothesis tossed around from commentators in the media for years that suggests regular cannabis use can lead to apathy, or less motivation, and anhedonia, or loss of interest in pleasure from rewards.

These supposed impacts on motivation are part of the hysteria surrounding teen use of cannabis while in developmental years. NORML Deputy Director Paul Armentano wrote for High Times about “the media’s absurd hysteria about teens and pot” adding that claims such as amotivational syndrome are often invented or grossly exaggerated.

But this new study examined both apathy and anhedonia levels, measured against controls to determine if stoners are truly less motivated—in the way they are often portrayed in the media.

The study was published August 24 in the International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology.

A team led by scientists at University College London (UCL), the University of Cambridge, and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience at King’s College London examined whether cannabis users show higher levels of apathy and anhedonia versus controls and whether they were less willing to exert physical effort to receive a reward.

The research was part of the CannTEEN study, which is also examining other factors involving teen cannabis use. For the study, 274 adults and teens were chosen if they had smoked or consumed weed at least weekly.

“Our results suggest that cannabis use at a frequency of three to four days per week is not associated with apathy, effort-based decision-making for reward, reward wanting, or reward liking in adults or adolescents,” the researchers concluded, however finding lower anhedonia in users, but with a “small effect size.”

Martine Skumlien, a PhD candidate in the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Cambridge, immediately noted the unfounded claims of the way cannabis is portrayed in the media.

“We were surprised to see that there was really very little difference between cannabis users and non-users when it came to lack of motivation or lack of enjoyment, even among those who used cannabis every day,” Skumlien said. “This is contrary to the stereotypical portrayal we see on TV and in movies.”

“There’s been a lot of concern that cannabis use in adolescence might lead to worse outcomes than cannabis use during adulthood,” Dr Will Lawn of the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience at King’s College London said. “But our study, one of the first to directly compare adolescents and adults who use cannabis, suggests that adolescents are no more vulnerable than adults to the harmful effects of cannabis on motivation, the experience of pleasure, or the brain’s response to reward.”

“In fact, it seems cannabis may have no link—-or at most only weak associations—with these outcomes in general. However, we need studies that look for these associations over a long period of time to confirm these findings.”

Over half of participants in the study carried out several tasks, with one assessing physical effort. Participants were given the option to perform button-presses in order to win points, which were later exchanged for chocolates or sweets. There were three difficulty levels and three reward levels, as more difficult trials required faster button pressing. For each test, the participant could choose to accept or reject the offer and points were only given if the test was accepted and completed.

A second task measured how much pleasure they received from rewards. The researchers found “no difference between users and non-users or between age groups on either the physical effort task or the real reward pleasure task, confirming evidence from other studies that found no, or very little, difference.”

Other recent studies also shred the cannabis amotivational syndrome theory.

A previous study, “Effort-related decision making and cannabis use among college students,” published January 27 in Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, also disputes the cannabis-induced amotivational syndrome theory, finding no evidence to support it.

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