A newly released study found that legalizing marijuana could be a major economic boon in Australia.

ABC Radio Perth reports that the study, which comes via the University of Western Australia, found that cannabis legalization could bring $243.5 million per year in the first five years to Western Australia. 

According to the outlet, the study “quantified the revenue the state could make through legalising cannabis,” and “considered data about the form and frequency of cannabis use, as well as the estimated cost of enforcing current laws that prohibit cannabis use.”

“We wanted to find out the actual truth on this, and we commissioned this not expecting any particular result,” Brian Walker, leader of the Legalise Cannabis WA Party, the group that commissioned the report, told ABC Radio Perth.

“This is the first time anyone has shown their working, and set out exactly how their figures were arrived at. On the spending side we’ve got stuff like your police — for chasing a cannabis crime — the courts and the corrective services for managing that. Altogether, that’s about $100 million per year.”

Cannabis is illegal in Australia, with penalties varying from state to state. In Western Australia, according to the Guardian, “[f]ines range from $2,000 to $20,000 and up to two years in prison,” but for “possession up to 10g police [law enforcement] can use discretion to order the person to a counselling session (one for adults, two for children).”

Walker told ABC Radio Perth: “When you engage in something illegal, there’s a price to be paid. How do you account for the losses if you’ve been raided and you’ve lost a million dollars in crop? That all has a cost associated with it. Once you legalise, that risk premium falls away.”

ABC Radio Perth has more background on the study: “The data for the report — An Economic Case to Legalise Cannabis in Western Australia — came from a wide range of sources including the Australian National Drug Strategy Survey, Australian Crime Commission, Australian Criminal Intelligence Commission, and the National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre at the University of NSW. The report, which looked at projected figures for a five-year period after legislation, found a moderate 25 per cent tax on adult-use recreational cannabis would generate approximately $137 million of direct tax revenue in WA based on annual sales of ‘around $686 million.’ Licensing fees for businesses intending to sell cannabis would generate an estimated $6.5 million for the economy each year.”

Cannabis legalization in Australia may soon move from the realm of the theoretical and into actual policy. The Greens, the minor party in Australia, said last year that the country’s constitution empowers parliament to override states and legalize pot for recreational use.

According to the Guardian, the proposal from the Greens would “allow for the regulation and sale of approved cannabis strains for recreational consumption in Australia, joining the handful of countries (and US states) that have already moved to legalise it.”

“Greens senator David Shoebridge plans to introduce the bill to the Senate once the party has taken on board the results of that consultation,” the Guardian reported last month. “To get anywhere, the bill would need government support and Labor hasn’t yet given any indication it would throw its weight behind the legislation.”

As the Guardian explained, “under the constitution [in Australia], the states have responsibility for criminal law,” but the Greens “think that once cannabis was legalised federally, the commonwealth would have the power to create a national, legal cannabis market.”

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The Australian Greens say that parliament has the power to legalize recreational pot in the country as the party prepares its bid for cannabis reform.

According to The Guardian, the Greens––currently the minor party in Australia––have received advice from constitutional lawyer Patrick Keyzer, who contends that parliament could override state laws on the matter.

“The advice suggests that there are three commonwealth heads of power that would enable it to legalise and regulate cannabis use, with the clearest pathway via a part of section 51, which relates to copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trademarks,” The Guardian reported.

Under the aforementioned section 51, parliament has the power to “to make laws for the peace, order, and good government of the Commonwealth with respect to: trade and commerce with other countries, and among the States; taxation; but so as not to discriminate between States or parts of States; bounties on the production or export of goods, but so that such bounties shall be uniform throughout the Commonwealth; borrowing money on the public credit of the Commonwealth; postal, telegraphic, telephonic, and other like services; the naval and military defence of the Commonwealth and of the several States, and the control of the forces to execute and maintain the laws of the Commonwealth; lighthouses, lightships, beacons and buoys; astronomical and meteorological observations; quarantine; fisheries in Australian waters beyond territorial limits; census and statistics; currency, coinage, and legal tender; banking, other than State banking; also State banking extending beyond the limits of the State concerned, the incorporation of banks, and the issue of paper money; insurance, other than State insurance; also State insurance extending beyond the limits of the State concerned; weights and measures; bills of exchange and promissory notes; bankruptcy and insolvency” among a litany of other areas.

The Guardian reports that Keyzer’s advice centers around the part of the section pertaining to “copyrights, patents of inventions and designs, and trade marks,” saying that it empowers the commonwealth to “regulate cannabis strains as plant varieties and cause them to be listed in a schedule in respect of which the commonwealth has exclusive regulatory control.”

“We’ve been told to wait for cannabis law reform for too long, even when it’s obvious that the majority of harm caused is by policing and the war on drugs, not the plant,” David Shoebridge, a spokesperson for the Greens, said in a statement on Monday, as quoted by The Guardian.

“Recreational cannabis is enjoyed by millions in Australia and around the world, and pretending otherwise is increasingly ridiculous,” Shoebridge added. “At least 40% of Australians have used cannabis and any law that makes almost half of us criminals needs to go.”

A poll earlier this year found that Australians were split when it comes to the matter of changing the country’s marijuana laws, with 50% saying they are in favor of full cannabis reform.

The pollster, Essential Research, noted that represented a huge increase from 2013, when only about 25% said they favored full reform.

Meanwhile, a study released this summer by the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare found that a higher percentage of people in the country favored smoking weed than using tobacco.

The Greens aren’t the only party pushing for cannabis reform. Earlier this year, Australia’s single-issue Legalize Cannabis Party exceeded expectations in the country’s senate races and came close to gaining a seat.

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